Unlock hundreds more features
Save your Quiz to the Dashboard
View and Export Results
Use AI to Create Quizzes and Analyse Results

OR
Sign inSign in with Facebook
Sign inSign in with Google
Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Education

Biomolecules and Atomic Structure Quiz Practice

Sharpen Biomolecule Knowledge and Atomic Concepts

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art depicting elements of a Biomolecules and Atomic Structure Quiz.

Ready to challenge your grasp of atomic structure and biomolecules? This interactive chemistry quiz provides 15 questions that refine understanding of molecular bonds and macromolecule functions. Ideal for biology and chemistry students looking to reinforce key concepts before exams. Customize the questions in our free editor or compare results with the Atomic Theory Knowledge Test and Knowledge Assessment Quiz. Discover more quizzes to expand your science skills.

What does the atomic number of an element represent?
Number of protons in the nucleus
Sum of protons and neutrons
Total electrons in all shells
Number of neutrons in the nucleus
The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which defines the element. Neutrons and electrons do not determine the atomic number. Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons, not the atomic number.
Which of the following is a monosaccharide, the basic monomer of carbohydrates?
Starch
Sucrose
Cellulose
Glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide, the simplest form of carbohydrate. Sucrose is a disaccharide and starch and cellulose are polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the monomer units for larger carbohydrate polymers.
Which of these biomolecules mainly functions as the primary genetic information carrier?
DNA
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
DNA stores and transmits genetic information in cells. Proteins perform structural and enzymatic roles, lipids store energy and form membranes, and carbohydrates are energy storage and structural molecules.
Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols?
Phosphate (-PO4)
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Amino (-NH2)
The hydroxyl group (-OH) defines alcohols. Amino groups are basic and found in amino acids, carboxyl groups are acidic, and phosphate groups are found in nucleotides and phospholipids.
What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Van der Waals interaction
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Covalent bonds form when atoms share electron pairs. Ionic bonds involve electron transfer, hydrogen bonds are weak attractions, and Van der Waals are transient dipole interactions.
Based on its electron configuration, which element is most chemically inert?
Helium
Sodium
Oxygen
Chlorine
Helium has a full valence shell, making it chemically inert. Oxygen, sodium, and chlorine all have incomplete valence shells and readily form compounds.
Which reaction breaks down polymers into monomers by the addition of water?
Oxidation
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis uses water to cleave bonds in polymers, releasing monomers. Dehydration synthesis (condensation) builds polymers by removing water. Oxidation involves electron loss.
A fatty acid with one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain is called:
Polyunsaturated
Monounsaturated
Saturated
Trans fat
Monounsaturated fatty acids contain exactly one carbon - carbon double bond. Polyunsaturated have multiple, saturated have none, and trans fats refer to stereochemistry around double bonds.
Which type of bond stabilizes the alpha helix structure in proteins?
Disulfide bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
Hydrogen bonds between backbone amide and carbonyl groups stabilize the alpha helix. Ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions play roles elsewhere, while disulfide bonds link cysteines in tertiary structure.
In a phospholipid, which part is hydrophilic?
Ester linkage
Glycerol backbone
Phosphate head
Fatty acid tails
The phosphate head of a phospholipid is polar and hydrophilic, interacting with water. The fatty acid tails are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Glycerol and ester linkages form the backbone but are not the main hydrophilic region.
Which functional group acts as an acid in amino acids?
Methyl (-CH3)
Amino (-NH2)
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
The carboxyl group donates a proton and acts as an acid in amino acids. The amino group is basic, hydroxyl is neutral, and methyl is nonpolar and unreactive in acid-base chemistry.
What type of biomolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Lipids
Most enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. Carbohydrates and lipids serve as energy sources or structural components, and nucleic acids store genetic information.
Which element is present in proteins but not in carbohydrates?
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Proteins contain nitrogen in their amino groups, whereas carbohydrates are composed only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Nitrogen is a key differentiator in amino acids.
What causes the high specific heat of water?
Covalent bonding within molecules
Hydrogen bonding
Ionic bonding
Van der Waals forces
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb large amounts of heat before breaking, giving water its high specific heat. Ionic and covalent bonds do not explain bulk thermal properties, and Van der Waals are too weak.
Alpha and beta glucose differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on which carbon?
Carbon 5
Carbon 1
Carbon 6
Carbon 2
The difference between alpha and beta glucose is the position of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 relative to the ring plane. Carbon 2, 5, and 6 orientations do not define the alpha/beta isomers.
Why do isotopes of the same element exhibit nearly identical chemical behavior?
They have different numbers of neutrons
They have the same mass number
They have the same number of electrons and protons
They have different atomic radii
Isotopes of an element share identical electron configurations and proton counts, so they participate in the same chemical reactions. Differences in neutron number affect mass but not chemical reactivity.
An electronegativity difference of about 1.8 between two atoms typically indicates what type of bond?
Nonpolar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Metallic bond
Hydrogen bond
An electronegativity difference around 1.8 usually leads to electron transfer and ionic bond formation. Nonpolar covalent bonds have near-zero differences, hydrogen bonds are intermolecular, and metallic bonds occur in metal lattices.
Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?
Cellulose is branched whereas starch is linear
Starch has peptide linkages
Humans lack the enzyme to break beta-glycosidic bonds in cellulose
Cellulose contains alpha-glycosidic bonds
Human digestive enzymes cannot cleave the beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose, but can hydrolyze the alpha-1,4 linkages in starch. Cellulose is linear and starch is often branched, but linkage type is key.
Which bond forms between cysteine residues to stabilize tertiary protein structure?
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Disulfide bond
Peptide bond
Disulfide bonds are covalent linkages between cysteine thiol groups that stabilize tertiary protein folding. Peptide bonds link amino acids in the primary structure, while hydrogen and ionic bonds are noncovalent.
ATP hydrolysis releases energy primarily because:
It relieves electrostatic repulsion among phosphate groups
It forms a new ionic bond
It increases the system temperature
It dehydrates water molecules
ATP's three phosphate groups repel each other; hydrolysis reduces this repulsion and yields a more stable ADP and phosphate, releasing energy. New ionic bonds or temperature changes are not the primary cause.
0
{"name":"What does the atomic number of an element represent?", "url":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/QPREVIEW","txt":"What does the atomic number of an element represent?, Which of the following is a monosaccharide, the basic monomer of carbohydrates?, Which of these biomolecules mainly functions as the primary genetic information carrier?","img":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/3012/images/ogquiz.png"}

Learning Outcomes

  1. Analyze atomic structure to predict element properties
  2. Identify major biomolecule classes and their functions
  3. Evaluate molecular bonding interactions within biomolecules
  4. Apply knowledge of atomic composition to biological context
  5. Demonstrate understanding of functional groups in macromolecules
  6. Compare molecular structures and their roles in living systems

Cheat Sheet

  1. Basic Atomic Structure - Atoms are like tiny solar systems: a nucleus of protons and neutrons at the center with electrons zipping around in orbitals. This foundational idea helps you predict how elements behave, bond, and interact in all sorts of chemical reactions. Explore Atomic Nature on Britannica
  2. Four Major Classes of Biomolecules - Living things rely on carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to survive and thrive. Carbohydrates fuel our cells, lipids build membranes, proteins act as machines and structures, and nucleic acids store genetic blueprints. Discover Biomolecules on Britannica
  3. Atomic Structure and Element Properties - The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus dictates an element's reactivity, bonding tendencies, and position in the periodic table. By spotting trends across periods and groups, you can forecast how new compounds will form. Dive into Periodic Trends on LibreTexts
  4. Functional Groups in Macromolecules - Tiny clusters of atoms called functional groups (like hydroxyl and amino groups) give biomolecules their unique personalities. These groups determine solubility, reactivity, and how molecules recognize each other in cells. Learn About Functional Groups on BYJU'S
  5. Isotopes and Their Biological Significance - Atoms of the same element can have different neutron counts, creating isotopes with unique properties. These variations are crucial in medical imaging, radiometric dating, and tracing metabolic pathways. Read About Isotopes on OpenStax
  6. Types of Chemical Bonds - Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds are the sticky forces that hold atoms together in molecules. Each bond has its own strength and behavior - hydrogen bonds, for instance, keep DNA's double helix neatly zipped. Explore Bond Types on GeeksforGeeks
  7. Electron Configurations & the Periodic Table - Electrons fill shells and orbitals in a set order, shaping an element's chemical personality. Understanding this "fill-up" pattern helps you see why sodium and potassium act so similarly. Understand Electron Filling on LibreTexts
  8. Valence Electrons and Bond Formation - The outermost electrons - valence electrons - are the social butterflies of an atom, eager to pair up and share. Their dance determines whether molecules form and what properties those molecules will have. Study Valence Electrons on BYJU'S JEE
  9. Molecular Structure and Function - Shape is everything in biology: the 3D twist of an enzyme or the folded chain of a protein dictates how it performs its job. A slight change in structure can mean the difference between life and… well, not life. See Molecular Shapes on Britannica
  10. Common Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry - Carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate groups, and more give organic molecules their signature moves in reactions. Recognizing these groups is like having a cheat sheet for predicting chemical behavior. Review Key Groups on BYJU'S
Make a Quiz (FREE) Copy & Edit This Quiz Create a Quiz with AI

Education Quizzes

Powered by: Quiz Maker