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Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Education

Cell Biology Knowledge Assessment Challenge

Explore Core Cell Functions with Interactive Quiz

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art representing quiz on Cell Biology Knowledge Assessment

Are you ready to test your understanding of cell structure, function, and processes? This cell biology quiz is ideal for students looking to reinforce their knowledge assessment in biology, exploring topics from organelles to gene expression. Educators and self-learners alike will gain clear insights into their strengths and areas for improvement. Each question can be freely tailored using our editor, allowing you to customize difficulty and focus. Try similar exercises like the Biology Knowledge Assessment Quiz, the Basic Biology Knowledge Quiz, or browse all quizzes to expand your learning journey.

Which organelle contains the cell's genetic material?
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
The nucleus contains the cell's chromosomal DNA and acts as the control center for gene expression. Other organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes have distinct functions unrelated to storing genetic material.
The primary function of mitochondria is:
ATP production
Lipid storage
Protein synthesis
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, supplying energy for cellular processes. They are not involved in photosynthesis, protein synthesis, or lipid storage as their main role.
The Golgi apparatus is mainly involved in:
Protein modification and sorting
DNA replication
Detoxification
ATP synthesis
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It does not replicate DNA or generate ATP, nor is it the primary detoxification organelle.
Diffusion is an example of:
Active transport
Passive transport
Vesicular transport
Facilitated transport
Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input, classifying it as passive transport. Facilitated transport also is passive but specifically involves carrier proteins or channels.
During which cell cycle phase is DNA replicated?
M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. G1 precedes replication, G2 follows it, and M phase is for mitosis.
Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Peroxisome
Lysosome
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and detoxifies various metabolites. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis, while peroxisomes break down fatty acids and lysosomes digest cellular waste.
Lysosomes are involved in:
Lipid transport
ATP generation
Protein synthesis
Autophagy and digestion of cell components
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that degrade damaged organelles and macromolecules in autophagy. They are not sites for ATP production, protein synthesis, or lipid transport.
During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at:
Telomeres
Kinetochores
Centrosomes
Centromeres
Spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochore protein complexes on each chromosome to facilitate proper segregation. Centromeres are DNA regions but attachment occurs at the kinetochore.
The G2 checkpoint ensures:
Chromosomes are correctly segregated
Spindle fibers are assembled
Cell size is sufficient
DNA has been replicated and is undamaged
The G2 checkpoint verifies that DNA replication is complete and checks for DNA damage before mitosis. Chromosome segregation is assessed later during the spindle assembly checkpoint.
Which process involves uptake of specific molecules via receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Transcytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses specific membrane receptors to bind and internalize target molecules in clathrin-coated vesicles. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are non-specific uptake processes.
In endocrine signaling, hormones:
Send electrical signals between cells
Act only on neighboring cells
Travel through the bloodstream to distant targets
Remain within the releasing cell
Endocrine hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and carried to distant target cells. Paracrine signaling acts on nearby cells, while autocrine signals on the same cell.
What is the net ATP yield of glycolysis per glucose molecule?
36 ATP
4 ATP
38 ATP
2 ATP
Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose through substrate-level phosphorylation. The higher ATP yields are achieved later in oxidative phosphorylation.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondrial matrix
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Cytosol
Chloroplast stroma
The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix where acetyl-CoA is oxidized. The inner membrane hosts the electron transport chain, not the cycle itself.
Which enzyme transcribes mRNA in eukaryotes?
Primase
RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase I
RNA polymerase III
RNA polymerase II synthesizes precursor mRNA in eukaryotic nuclei. RNA polymerase I and III transcribe rRNA and tRNA, respectively, and primase synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication.
In the lac operon of E. coli, lactose acts to:
Activate the repressor to block RNA polymerase
Degrade the repressor protein
Repress transcription by binding the operator
Induce transcription by inactivating the repressor
Lactose binds to the lac repressor, causing it to change shape and release from the operator. This derepression allows RNA polymerase to transcribe operon genes for lactose metabolism.
Which factor affects the rate of facilitated diffusion through a membrane?
Concentration gradient and transporter availability
ATP concentration
Temperature only
Transporter number only
Facilitated diffusion rate depends on both the concentration gradient of the solute and the number or availability of membrane transporters. It does not require ATP.
The Cyclin B-CDK1 complex is crucial for:
Entry into mitosis
Initiation of DNA replication
Cytokinesis
Metaphase-to-anaphase transition
Cyclin B binds CDK1 to form the maturation-promoting factor that triggers entry into mitosis. Anaphase transition and cytokinesis involve different regulatory complexes.
Activation of a G-protein coupled receptor typically leads to:
Inhibition of phospholipase C through direct receptor action
Phosphorylation of target proteins by receptor tyrosine kinase
Direct opening of ion channels by the receptor itself
Increase in intracellular cAMP via adenylate cyclase
Many GPCRs activate G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels. This second messenger then mediates downstream signaling events.
Which complex of the electron transport chain is NADH dehydrogenase and pumps protons into the intermembrane space?
Complex I
Complex III
Complex IV
Complex II
Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) accepts electrons from NADH and translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to establish a proton gradient. Complex II does not pump protons.
Histone acetylation generally leads to:
Histone degradation
Chromatin condensation and gene repression
Increased DNA methylation
Chromatin decondensation and gene activation
Acetylation of histone tails reduces their positive charge, decreasing interaction with DNA and resulting in chromatin relaxation. This open structure facilitates transcriptional activation.
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Learning Outcomes

  1. Analyse the structure and function of cell organelles
  2. Identify phases and regulation of cell division
  3. Evaluate mechanisms of cellular transport and exchange
  4. Master the principles of cell signaling pathways
  5. Apply concepts of metabolic pathways in cells
  6. Demonstrate understanding of gene expression processes

Cheat Sheet

  1. Structure and Function of Key Organelles - Think of organelles as a cell's bustling city: the nucleus holds the master blueprints (DNA), mitochondria are power stations producing energy, the endoplasmic reticulum builds proteins and lipids, the Golgi apparatus packages and mails products, lysosomes act like recycling centers, and peroxisomes detoxify harmful compounds. To nail their order, chant "Never Make Easy Good Lasagna Please!" for a fun memory boost. Explore the Key Terms
    2. LibreTexts: Key Terms
  2. Phases of the Cell Cycle - The cell cycle is like a four-step dance: G₝ is growth and prep, S is DNA copy time, G₂ checks and readies the cell, and M is mitosis plus cytokinesis - when the cell actually splits. Remember "Go Sally Go Make Cookies" to keep each move in perfect rhythm. Explore Cell Cycle
    3. Wikipedia: Cell Cycle
  3. Stages of Mitosis - Mitosis is the grand finale where duplicated chromosomes are neatly divided: prophase packages them up, metaphase lines them at the equator, anaphase pulls sisters apart, and telophase wraps them up in new nuclear envelopes. For a tasty memory trick, imagine "Please Make A Taco" at each stage. Learn about Mitosis
    4. Wikipedia: Mitosis
  4. Mechanisms of Cellular Transport - Transport is how substances move in and out of cells: passive transport (like diffusion and osmosis) flows down concentration gradients without energy, while active transport (think sodium”potassium pumps) pushes molecules uphill using ATP. Picture passive as a lazy slide and active as climbing a ladder. Transport Key Terms
    5. LibreTexts: Key Terms
  5. Basics of Cell Signaling Pathways - Cells chat via chemical signals: a ligand docks at a receptor, sparks second messenger cascades, and the message triggers a cellular action. A classic example is the G protein - coupled receptor pathway, where a single signal can ripple into dozens of responses. Explore Cell Signaling
    6. Wikipedia: Cell Signaling
  6. Key Metabolic Pathways - Energy production is a three-act play: glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm, the citric acid cycle extracts high-energy electrons in the mitochondria, and oxidative phosphorylation uses those electrons to power ATP synthesis. Each step is crucial to keep your cells humming. Metabolism Terms
    7. LibreTexts: Key Terms
  7. Process of Gene Expression - Gene expression turns DNA blueprints into working proteins: transcription copies DNA into mRNA inside the nucleus, and translation reads that mRNA on cytoplasmic ribosomes to assemble amino acids. It's like reading a recipe (DNA) and baking the cake (protein). Expression Key Terms
    8. LibreTexts: Key Terms
  8. Regulation of the Cell Cycle - Cyclins and cyclin”dependent kinases (CDKs) are cell cycle DJs, spinning the beats at precise times so cells only divide when everything's checked and ready. Specific cyclin”CDK pairs kick in at G₝, S, and G₂ to ensure flawless division choreography. Control Checkpoints
    9. LibreTexts: Key Terms
  9. Role of Apoptosis in Cellular Health - Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a tidy self”destruct sequence that removes damaged or unneeded cells without causing chaos. It's essential for sculpting tissues during development and keeping body systems in balance. Apoptosis Terms
    10. LibreTexts: Key Terms
  10. Importance of Cellular Communication - Communication keeps multicellular life on track: signaling molecules travel between cells in contact signaling, local paracrine signals, or long”distance endocrine messages like hormones. This coordination ensures tissues respond dynamically to changing conditions. Explore Cell Signaling
    11. Wikipedia: Cell Signaling
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