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Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Healthcare

Pediatric Renal Nursing Knowledge Test

Test Renal Care Skills with Targeted Questions

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art depicting elements related to Pediatric Renal Nursing Knowledge Test quiz

Put your pediatric renal nursing knowledge to the test with this interactive quiz featuring key topics like glomerular filtration, fluid balance, and dialysis guidelines. It's perfect for nursing students, educators, and clinical practitioners eager to enhance renal nursing proficiency. Pair your learning with the Nursing Pharmacology Knowledge Quiz or review care strategies in the Pediatric Home Care Knowledge Test. Every question is fully customizable - discover more quizzes to tailor your study journey.

Which glomerular filtration rate (GFR) corresponds to Stage 1 renal failure in pediatric patients?
GFR between 60 and 89 mL/min/1.73m2
GFR greater than 90 mL/min/1.73m2
GFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73m2
GFR between 30 and 59 mL/min/1.73m2
Stage 1 renal failure is defined by kidney damage with normal or increased GFR, which is greater than 90 mL/min/1.73m2. This classification helps identify early kidney damage despite preserved filtration.
Oliguria in pediatric patients is defined as urine output less than what threshold?
5 mL/kg/hr
1 mL/kg/hr
0.5 mL/kg/hr
2 mL/kg/hr
In children, oliguria is classically defined as urine output less than 1 mL/kg/hr. This parameter helps nurses identify inadequate renal perfusion early.
What is the most reliable indicator of fluid status in pediatric patients?
Mucous membrane moisture
Daily weight
Skin turgor
Intake-output chart
Daily weight measurement is the most reliable indicator of fluid status in children, as changes in weight directly reflect fluid gains or losses. Other signs can be influenced by other factors and may be less precise.
What is the normal serum potassium range for pediatric patients?
1.0 to 2.5 mEq/L
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
2.0 to 3.0 mEq/L
5.5 to 6.5 mEq/L
The normal serum potassium range in children, as in adults, is approximately 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Levels outside this range can lead to significant cardiac and neuromuscular complications.
Which laboratory value is the best indicator of glomerular filtration function in children?
Serum sodium
Serum albumin
Serum creatinine
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Serum creatinine is closely related to the glomerular filtration rate and is the most widely used marker to assess kidney function. BUN can be influenced by hydration status and protein intake.
Which ECG change is most suggestive of hyperkalemia in a pediatric patient?
Peaked T waves
Prolonged QT interval
ST segment depression
Prominent U waves
Peaked T waves are an early ECG manifestation of hyperkalemia and reflect increased extracellular potassium. Recognizing this change is critical to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias.
According to the Holliday-Segar method, what is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for a 10 kg child?
800 mL/day
1000 mL/day
1200 mL/day
1500 mL/day
The Holliday-Segar formula allocates 100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg of body weight, resulting in 1000 mL/day for a 10 kg child. This method guides maintenance fluid prescriptions in pediatrics.
Which intervention rapidly shifts potassium into cells during hyperkalemia management?
Loop diuretic administration
Insulin with dextrose infusion
Administration of sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Calcium gluconate infusion
Insulin, administered with dextrose, promotes cellular uptake of potassium and rapidly lowers serum potassium levels. Calcium gluconate stabilizes the myocardium but does not shift potassium intracellularly.
A child with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis presents with periorbital edema and elevated blood pressure. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Encourage increased oral fluids
Perform daily chest physiotherapy
Monitor blood pressure frequently
Administer high-protein diet
Frequent blood pressure monitoring is essential because hypertension and fluid overload are common and potentially dangerous in acute glomerulonephritis. Prompt detection allows timely intervention.
Which arterial blood gas values indicate metabolic acidosis in a pediatric patient?
pH 7.50, HCO3 - 30 mEq/L
pH 7.60, HCO3 - 26 mEq/L
pH 7.25, HCO3 - 18 mEq/L
pH 7.40, HCO3 - 24 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH (<7.35) and a reduced bicarbonate concentration (<22 mEq/L). These ABG values confirm a primary metabolic disturbance.
Which finding is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Proteinuria exceeding 3.5 g/24 hr
Polyuria
Elevated serum albumin
Hypokalemia
Nephrotic syndrome is defined by heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. The massive loss of protein in urine is its hallmark.
Which stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is defined by a GFR between 30 and 59 mL/min/1.73m2?
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 2
Stage 5
Stage 3 CKD is characterized by a moderate decrease in GFR (30 - 59 mL/min/1.73m2). This stage often requires dietary and medication adjustments to slow progression.
Which dietary restriction is most important for a child with renal failure to help control edema and hypertension?
Low protein diet
High phosphate diet
Low sodium diet
High potassium diet
Sodium restriction helps manage fluid retention and hypertension in renal failure. Controlling sodium intake reduces edema and cardiovascular strain.
In peritoneal dialysis for pediatric patients, what does dwell time refer to?
Total duration of the dialysis session
Time taken to fill the peritoneal cavity
Time taken to drain the dialysate
Time dialysate remains in the peritoneal cavity
Dwell time is the period during which dialysate remains in the peritoneal cavity to allow solute and fluid exchange. Proper dwell time optimizes toxin removal and fluid clearance.
Which clinical finding is an early sign of fluid overload in a child with renal impairment?
Dry mucous membranes
Sunken fontanelle
Crackles heard on lung auscultation
Weight loss
Crackles on lung auscultation indicate pulmonary fluid accumulation and are an early sign of fluid overload. Prompt recognition prevents respiratory compromise.
A child's BUN is 50 mg/dL and serum creatinine is 2 mg/dL, yielding a BUN/creatinine ratio of 25:1. Which type of renal failure does this suggest?
Glomerulonephritis
Intrinsic renal failure
Post-renal obstruction
Pre-renal azotemia
A BUN/creatinine ratio greater than 20:1 suggests pre-renal azotemia due to decreased perfusion. Intrinsic and post-renal causes typically have lower ratios.
A 15 kg child with acute renal failure has insensible losses of 400 mL/day, urine output of 200 mL/day, and maintenance fluid needs of 1500 mL/day. What total fluid volume should be prescribed to maintain zero balance?
2000 mL/day
2400 mL/day
1800 mL/day
2100 mL/day
Zero fluid balance requires replacement of maintenance (1500 mL), insensible losses (400 mL), and urine output (200 mL), totaling 2100 mL. This calculation ensures neither deficit nor overload.
Interpret the following ABG in a pediatric patient: pH 7.25, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 - 24 mEq/L. What acid-base disturbance is present?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
A low pH with elevated PaCO2 and normal bicarbonate indicates respiratory acidosis. The lungs are retaining carbon dioxide, causing the acidemia.
Which instruction is most important when teaching caregivers about caring for a child's hemodialysis vascular access?
Apply heat compresses daily to the access site
Allow unrestricted swimming and bathing
Avoid needle sticks and blood pressure cuffs on the access limb
Use the access arm for blood pressure measurements
Needle sticks or blood pressure cuffs on the vascular access can damage the fistula or graft. Protecting the access limb preserves patency and reduces complications.
The classic triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) includes microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and which other finding?
Hypertension
Hypoalbuminemia
Hematuria
Acute renal failure
HUS is characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Early recognition enables prompt supportive treatment.
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Learning Outcomes

  1. Identify the stages of renal failure in pediatric patients.
  2. Demonstrate proper assessment techniques for fluid balance.
  3. Apply knowledge of electrolyte management in children.
  4. Analyse lab results pertinent to pediatric kidney function.
  5. Evaluate nursing interventions for acute renal disorders.
  6. Master patient education strategies for renal health maintenance.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Acute renal failure phases - Dive into the four dynamic stages - initiation, oliguria, diuresis, and recovery - to uncover how tiny shifts in kidney function can feel like plot twists in your favorite mystery novel. Armed with this roadmap, you'll know exactly when to jump into action with targeted nursing moves. Nurseslabs guide to ARF
  2. Fluid balance mastery - Monitoring intake and output (I&O) is like keeping score in a high-stakes game where fluid overload or dehydration spells trouble. Sharpen your detective skills to spot imbalances early and keep those patient vitals in the winning zone. OpenStax fluid and electrolyte assessment
  3. Electrolyte monitoring - Potassium is the rock star of electrolytes, but too much or too little can throw your patient's heart rhythm into a wild jam session. Stay vigilant with checks and balances to keep every beat in perfect harmony. Elsevier's AKI care article
  4. Lab result sleuthing - Serum creatinine and BUN are the buzzwords you'll hear when kidneys whisper "help me." Decode the numbers quickly to catch acute kidney injury before it steals the spotlight. NCBI kidney function reference
  5. Proactive nursing interventions - Craft a superhero strategy with fluid management and electrolyte monitoring to rescue renal function in pediatric patients. Your timely interventions can be the hero's cape that guides recovery. Elsevier's intervention guide
  6. Patient and family education - Turn education into an epic team effort by teaching proper hydration, balanced nutrition, and treatment adherence. When everyone shares the playbook, renal health becomes a group victory. NCBI renal health education
  7. Causation identification - Think like a detective to sort prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal culprits, tailoring care plans that hit the mark. Spotting the right cause means prescribing the right solution. Nurseslabs causes overview
  8. Fluid overload detection - Edema and hypertension are the red flags waving furiously when fluid overload crashes the party. Stay on guard to defuse complications before they escalate. NCBI fluid overload signs
  9. Medication management - From loop diuretics to ACE inhibitors, get the lowdown on medication moves and their sidekicks - potential side effects. Understanding the pharmacology script keeps your nursing performance award-winning. Nurse.com ARF medication guide
  10. Complication readiness - Metabolic acidosis and anemia might sneak in during acute renal failure, so gear up with interventions that restore balance. Early action transforms you into the ultimate renal guardian. Nurseslabs complication watchlist
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