The constitution lays out the basic structure and operational framework of a government. It also enshrines the rights of the citizens, making it the highest legal document in the nation.

The legislative branch, comprised of Congress, is tasked with creating laws. It represents the people's interests and is fundamental to the democratic process.

Federalism refers to the division of authority between national and state governments. This system helps to prevent the overcentralization of power while allowing local governance.

The Bill of Rights contains the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. These amendments guarantee essential rights and liberties to all citizens.

The U.S. Constitution is the highest legal authority in the country and outlines the structure of government. It holds supremacy over all other laws and documents.

Checks and balances are designed to distribute power evenly among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This system prevents any single branch from becoming overly dominant, protecting democratic principles.

The 13th Amendment officially ended the practice of slavery in the United States. Its ratification marked a crucial turning point in American history and civil rights.

The Electoral College is the body that officially elects the President of the United States. It reflects the federal structure by allocating votes based on state populations.

Judicial review enables courts to assess whether laws and policies are in line with the Constitution. This power acts as a vital check on the actions of the legislative and executive branches.

Interest groups focus on influencing public policy by lobbying and advocacy efforts. They play a key role in representing specific concerns and adding depth to the democratic process.

The 19th Amendment secured women's suffrage, ensuring that women could legally vote in all elections. This amendment was a landmark achievement in the struggle for gender equality.

The Supreme Court interprets the Constitution and reviews laws to ensure they meet constitutional standards. Its rulings are crucial in balancing the powers of government and protecting individual rights.

Separation of powers divides the government's functions among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This structure prevents the concentration of power and helps maintain a system of checks and balances.

Political parties help structure political debates, organize elections, and mobilize voters around common platforms. They are essential for aggregating interests and offering clear choices in a democracy.

The executive branch is tasked with carrying out and enforcing laws passed by the legislative branch. It manages daily governmental operations through various agencies and departments.

Balancing national security and civil liberties requires careful calibration of policies and strong oversight mechanisms. Proportional measures and checks help ensure that security efforts do not infringe unduly on individual rights.

Popular sovereignty is a core democratic principle stating that the legitimacy of government depends on the consent of its citizens. This concept empowers individuals to influence governmental decisions and uphold democratic accountability.

Social media enables political movements to quickly spread information and rally support, reaching wide and diverse audiences. This digital tool has transformed traditional campaigning and public engagement in policy debates.

Transparency in government operations allows citizens to be informed about policy decisions and administrative actions. This openness is essential for holding officials accountable and maintaining public trust in democratic institutions.

Political polarization can intensify divisions between opposing parties, often resulting in legislative stalemates. This gridlock reduces the ability of the government to effectively address public issues through bipartisan collaboration.