The legislative branch is charged with drafting, debating, and passing laws. It is the core institution responsible for law-making in a government system.

The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws and managing day-to-day administration. It implements and upholds the laws passed by the legislative branch.

Separation of powers is the principle that divides governmental authority among separate branches to prevent any one from becoming too dominant. It is a foundational concept in democratic governance.

The executive branch, led by figures such as a president or prime minister, is responsible for signing bills into law. This action finalizes the legislative process and enacts the policy.

The judiciary's main role is to interpret laws and ensure they are applied correctly. It serves as a check on both the legislative and executive branches by reviewing the legality of their actions.

Judicial review is the process by which courts evaluate the constitutionality of executive actions. This mechanism acts as a safeguard against potential abuses of power.

The Constitution is the primary document that establishes governmental structure and restricts governmental authority. It lays out the role and limits of each branch of government.

Federalism is characterized by a balance in which power is shared between state and federal governments. Each level has its own set of responsibilities, allowing for diverse and localized governance.

Education policies are typically managed by state governments, which tailor standards to regional needs. This delegation of power allows for flexibility and responsiveness in educational administration.

A referendum allows citizens to directly vote on policy issues, bypassing the traditional legislative process. This method empowers the public to make decisions on important matters.

Representative democracy involves electing officials who make policy decisions for the people. This system balances efficient governance with public participation, allowing for informed decision-making.

Popular sovereignty is the principle that governmental power comes from the consent of the governed. It reinforces the idea that legitimacy is derived from the will of the people.

Legislatures can override an executive veto by achieving a supermajority vote, ensuring that the law is enacted despite the executive's rejection. This mechanism is a critical part of the system of checks and balances.

Accountability ensures that government officials are held responsible for their actions. This principle is essential for maintaining ethical governance and public trust.

The First Amendment protects fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. These protections are vital for ensuring open debate and participatory democracy.

A recall allows citizens to vote out an elected official before the end of their term if they are dissatisfied with their performance. This mechanism reinforces accountability in governance.

Federalism is the system in which power is divided among different levels of government. This structure allows for local autonomy while maintaining national unity.

Checks and balances allow each governmental branch to monitor and limit the actions of the others. This system is crucial for preventing any one branch from accumulating too much power.

Freedom of assembly permits citizens to gather and express their opinions publicly. It is a key democratic right that supports free expression and civic engagement.

A free press plays a critical role in keeping citizens informed and holding public officials accountable. It functions as an independent watchdog that examines government actions and informs public debate.