A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as'. It enriches the text by providing fresh insights and highlighting similarities in a creative way.

Tone describes the author's attitude toward the subject, setting the emotional atmosphere of the work. It is distinct from theme, which conveys the underlying message.

The setting provides the context of the story by defining the time, location, and socio-cultural environment. It helps readers visualize the environment and understand the mood and circumstances of the narrative.

Symbolism involves using symbols, such as objects or colors, to represent abstract ideas. This technique allows the writer to convey deeper meanings without explicitly stating them.

A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using 'like' or 'as'. This device helps create vivid and relatable descriptions.

Imagery uses descriptive language that appeals to the senses, allowing readers to visualize scenes vividly. Although metaphors can also evoke images, imagery directly engages sensory details.

Foreshadowing provides subtle hints or clues about future events in the narrative. It builds anticipation and prepares the reader for what is to come.

Dramatic irony occurs when the audience is aware of a situation or critical information that the characters are not. This gap in knowledge heightens suspense and engages the reader.

The theme is the underlying message or central idea that provides insight into the human condition. It binds together the narrative elements and offers a deeper understanding of the text.

Personification assigns human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract ideas. This technique makes descriptions more relatable and vivid for the reader.

Alliteration uses the repetition of the initial consonant sounds to add a musical quality to the writing. This repetition helps set the tone and mood, enhancing the reader's engagement.

Hyperbole is an exaggeration used for dramatic effect, and the statement 'I'm so hungry I could eat a horse' is a classic example. This exaggerated expression emphasizes the intensity of the speaker's hunger rather than delivering a literal observation.

Characterization is the process by which authors develop and reveal the personality traits of their characters. It involves both internal thoughts and external actions, making characters more dynamic and relatable.

Rising action consists of events that build tension and develop the central conflict, drawing the reader's interest towards the climax. It is a critical phase in the narrative structure that sustains momentum throughout the story.

An unreliable narrator causes readers to question the accuracy of the narration, prompting them to search for hidden meanings or inconsistencies. This uncertainty adds layers of complexity to the text and engages readers in critical thinking.

Symbolism allows authors to layer additional meaning into seemingly ordinary objects or events, thereby linking the narrative to grander themes and ideas. This technique deepens the reader's engagement by prompting interpretations beyond the literal text.

Irony often exposes the gap between characters' intentions and the reality they face, offering deeper insights into their complexities. This contrast can emphasize flaws or vulnerabilities, thereby enriching the character's development.

Tone, defined by the author's stylistic choices, sets the emotional context of the narrative. It influences the reader's perception by subtly guiding their emotional response and framing the events within a particular mood.

Contrast between characters draws attention to their differing traits, values, or beliefs, which can illuminate the central themes of the work. This technique deepens character analysis and encourages readers to consider how differences contribute to conflicts and resolutions within the narrative.

Foreshadowing hints at future events, imagery creates vivid mental pictures, and rising action builds tension within the plot. Together, these devices effectively cultivate a suspenseful mood that engages the reader and enhances the narrative's drama.