Nutrition involves consuming food, absorbing its nutrients, and using them for growth, repair, and energy production. This option correctly defines nutrition as a process essential for bodily functions.

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, the primary energy source for the body. They fuel everyday activities, making them essential for energy production.

Protein is crucial for the repair and growth of tissues, including muscle. It supplies the amino acids necessary for muscle synthesis and repair.

Vitamins are organic compounds that support various metabolic functions and overall health. They are required in small amounts and must be obtained from the diet.

Unsaturated fats, such as those found in olive oil, are beneficial for heart health and can improve cholesterol levels. In contrast, saturated and trans fats are linked to increased health risks when consumed excessively.

Whole grains and vegetables are rich in dietary fiber, which supports digestive health. They help in maintaining regular bowel movements and stabilizing blood sugar levels.

Water is essential for various bodily functions including digestion, circulation, and nutrient transport. It helps maintain hydration and proper metabolic processes.

Iron is a micronutrient that the body needs in small quantities, essential for transporting oxygen in the blood. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are macronutrients required in larger amounts.

A balanced diet includes various food groups, ensuring that the body obtains a wide range of nutrients. This variety is crucial for energy production, growth, and overall body function.

The small intestine is the main site where nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream. Its many folds increase the surface area available for absorption.

Metabolic rate refers to how quickly the body converts food into energy. It influences overall energy levels and is affected by factors like age, muscle mass, and activity level.

Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. It plays a significant role in preventing bone-related issues, particularly during growth periods.

Dietary fiber is important for digestion as it helps regulate bowel movements and supports a healthy gut. It can also contribute to lowering cholesterol levels and controlling blood sugar.

Vitamin C plays a vital role in bolstering the immune system and aiding in collagen synthesis. Citrus fruits are one of the richest natural sources of this essential vitamin.

When the body consumes more calories than it uses for energy, the excess calories are stored as fat, leading to weight gain over time. Balancing calorie intake with energy expenditure is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight.

Saturated fats can increase LDL cholesterol levels, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Over time, high cholesterol levels can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart problems.

Fiber slows down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, which helps to regulate the rise in blood sugar. This gradual absorption is beneficial for maintaining steady energy levels.

The glycemic index categorizes carbohydrate-containing foods based on how quickly they elevate blood glucose levels. This helps individuals make informed choices to maintain steady energy and manage blood sugar levels.

Vitamins and minerals often work together to promote optimal enzyme function and metabolic processes. This synergy is critical for maintaining health and supporting various bodily functions.

Eating a wide variety of foods ensures that you obtain a broad spectrum of nutrients necessary for good health. A diverse diet minimizes the risk of nutrient deficiencies and supports overall well-being.