The prefix 'brady-' means slow and is commonly used in terms such as bradycardia. Recognizing this prefix helps in identifying conditions associated with a slower than normal rate.

Hepatitis is the term used for liver inflammation. The other options refer to inflammations of the skin, stomach, and colon respectively.

The combining form 'cardi/o' pertains to the heart, as seen in words such as cardiology and cardiovascular. This knowledge is fundamental in medical terminology related to the circulatory system.

The suffix '-itis' indicates inflammation and is used in medical conditions such as arthritis and tonsillitis. Understanding this suffix can help in deciphering many terms related to inflammatory disorders.

The combining form 'osteo-' is used to denote something relating to bone, as seen in terms like osteoporosis. This prefix is essential for understanding many bones‑related medical conditions.

The prefix 'hyper-' signifies excessive or above normal, frequently seen in words like hypertension. In contrast, 'hypo-' means below normal, while 'brady-' and 'tachy-' refer to slow and fast rates respectively.

The suffix '-ectomy' means the surgical removal of a body part or structure. This term is used in procedures like appendectomy or mastectomy, differentiating it from repair or diagnostic procedures.

The combining form 'neur/o' is associated with nerves and the nervous system, as evident in terms like neurology and neuropathy. Recognizing these word parts aids in understanding descriptions of neural conditions.

Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the digestive system, including the stomach and intestines. This specialization is central to diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal disorders.

The suffix '-logy' means 'the study of' a subject, as seen in biology and neurology. It helps transform the subject matter into a field of academic and clinical inquiry.

The combining form 'derm/o' refers to the skin, which is the focus of dermatology. Recognizing this term is crucial to understanding medical conditions affecting the body's largest organ.

In medical records, 'Hx' is a standard abbreviation for 'history,' particularly relating to a patient's medical background. This shorthand is widely used for efficient documentation.

The term 'renal' specifically refers to the kidneys, derived from the Latin word 'renes.' It is an essential term in discussions of kidney function and disorders.

The combining form 'hemat/o' is used to denote blood, as observed in terms like hematology and hemoglobin. This word part is critical for understanding many blood‑related conditions.

The prefix 'hypo-' means below normal or deficient, as seen in terms like hypoglycemia. Recognizing this prefix aids in differentiating conditions characterized by reduced levels or activity.

Osteomyelitis is composed of 'osteo-' for bone, 'myel-' for bone marrow, and '-itis' for inflammation, thus indicating an infection that affects both bone and marrow. This term is pivotal for identifying severe musculoskeletal infections.

Cholecystectomy is the specific term used for the surgical removal of the gallbladder, combining 'cholecyst-' (gallbladder) with '-ectomy' (removal). This procedure is common in cases of gallstones or cholecystitis.

The root 'cyt/o' refers to cells, foundational units of living organisms, as seen in the term cytology - the study of cells. A strong grasp of this root is important for understanding many cellular processes and disorders.

The combining form 'dactyl/o' originates from the Greek word for finger, and by extension can refer to toes. It is used in medical terms like polydactyly, which describes an abnormality in digit formation.

Pneumonectomy is formed by combining 'pneumon-' (lung) with '-ectomy' (removal), referring to the surgical removal of an entire lung. This procedure is generally reserved for severe lung conditions or lung cancer.