Edgar Allan Poe is the author of 'The Raven', a poem known for its dark and atmospheric language. The other writers, while notable, did not pen this iconic piece.

The raven itself serves as the central symbol in the poem, representing themes such as despair and the supernatural. The other options are not prominent symbols within the work.

The word 'Nevermore' is the haunting refrain that echoes throughout the poem, emphasizing the themes of hopelessness and inevitable loss. Its repeated presence helps cement the poem's somber mood.

The language and imagery of 'The Raven' create an atmosphere of melancholy and foreboding, which is central to its impact. The other moods fail to capture the dark and introspective nature of the poem.

The Raven is a classic example of Gothic literature, characterized by its eerie tone, supernatural elements, and exploration of the darker aspects of the human mind. The other genres do not reflect the themes or style of the poem.

The narrator is tormented by the memory of Lenore and the prospect of eternal sorrow. His internal struggle centers on the emotional torment of losing a cherished love rather than external physical threats.

The deliberate recurrence of 'Nevermore' throughout the poem is a clear example of repetition, which reinforces its themes and contributes to its musical quality. This technique deepens the impact of the narrator's despair.

By imbuing the raven with deeper meaning related to his inner despair, the narrator employs symbolism. This device transforms a simple bird into a profound emblem of his grief.

The black hue of the raven underscores themes of mourning, darkness, and the mysterious, all of which are central to the poem's tone. This color choice intensifies the sense of foreboding and despair.

The dark and confined chamber mirrors the narrator's isolation and growing melancholy, reinforcing the overall somber mood. This setting is integral to the portrayal of his internal despair.

The tone of the poem is unmistakably solemn, capturing the deep sense of sorrow and introspection that pervades the narrative. This solemn mood is essential to the work's haunting quality.

The repeated use of 'Nevermore' reinforces the themes of hopelessness and the finality of loss, echoing through the narrator's mind. This refrain is pivotal in establishing the poem's relentless atmosphere of despair.

Lenore, the lost love of the narrator, is a constant presence in his troubled thoughts. Her memory amplifies his sorrow and is central to the emotional despair depicted throughout the poem.

The narrator's venture into the unknown only heightens the overarching mystery and sense of existential dread. This journey into ambiguity plays a crucial role in developing the poem's eerie and unsettling atmosphere.

Poe employs vivid visual descriptions of the dark chamber along with the echoing auditory refrain to immerse the reader in the poem's eerie setting. These sensory details are central to creating the overall haunting effect.

The carefully structured meter gives 'The Raven' a rhythmic, almost hypnotic quality that deepens its haunting atmosphere. This musical cadence contrasts with the emotional turbulence of the narrator, enhancing the overall reading experience.

The narrator is overwhelmingly consumed by grief and despair, emotions that underpin his every reaction in the poem. These feelings are central to the themes of loss and hopelessness that define the work.

The stark, unvarying reply of 'Nevermore' leaves the narrator with no promise of relief, further entrenching his despair. This minimalist response magnifies the hopelessness that pervades his inner world.

At its core, 'The Raven' delves into the inevitability of loss and the unrelenting pain of grief. This theme is woven throughout the poem via its imagery, refrain, and the emotional state of its narrator.

Through its eerie setting, spectral elements, and intense focus on the torment of its protagonist, 'The Raven' captures the essence of Gothic literature. These features combine to create a story that is both haunting and psychologically intricate.