Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for plant growth and energy production.

Gravity is the force that attracts objects toward the center of the Earth. This fundamental force ensures that objects remain on the ground.

A thermometer is the instrument used to measure temperature. It provides readings in units such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Solids have a fixed shape and volume due to their tightly packed particles. This distinguishes them from liquids and gases, which take the shape of their container.

The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. It involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Newton's second law states that acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied to an object, assuming constant mass. Increasing the force will therefore increase the acceleration.

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical identity. Molecules are made of two or more atoms bonded together, while ions are charged species.

Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP through cellular respiration. This energy production is vital for various cellular functions.

Sublimation is the process by which a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state. This process occurs under specific conditions, as seen with dry ice.

Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life within an ecosystem. A high level of biodiversity often indicates a healthy and resilient ecosystem.

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, which is represented by the chemical formula H2O. This formula is fundamental to understanding many chemical and biological processes.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy in an isolated system remains constant over time. This means that energy can change forms but is never lost or created anew.

Experiments provide empirical data that support or challenge scientific hypotheses and theories. They are a crucial part of the scientific method, ensuring that conclusions are based on observable evidence.

Protons are located in the nucleus of an atom and carry a positive electrical charge. They are essential in determining the atomic number and identity of an element.

Potential energy is the energy stored in an object because of its position or configuration. This energy can be transformed into kinetic energy when the object is put in motion.

In most cases, increasing the temperature of a liquid leads to greater solubility of solids by providing more kinetic energy to the molecules. However, there are exceptions where temperature may have a different effect.

A puck sliding on a frictionless surface continues in motion without external forces, clearly demonstrating inertia. This experiment is a classic example of Newton's First Law of motion.

In redox reactions, an electron acceptor gains electrons from another substance, facilitating oxidation of the donor. This process is crucial in many biochemical and industrial applications.

Latitude affects the amount of solar energy received by a region, which in turn has a profound influence on its weather and climate. It dictates temperature variations, seasonal patterns, and overall climate zones.

A hypothesis is an initial, testable idea used to explain a phenomenon, whereas a theory is a comprehensive explanation based on a body of evidence. Theories are substantiated through repeated testing and validation.