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Quizzes > High School Quizzes > Science

Unit 2 Cell Biology Practice Quiz

Enhance AP Bio Skills with Focused Unit 2 Exams

Difficulty: Moderate
Grade: Grade 12
Study OutcomesCheat Sheet
Colorful paper art promoting Unit 2 Bio Blitz trivia quiz for high school biology students.

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
It produces energy for the cell
It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
It synthesizes proteins
It stores the cell's genetic information
The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, regulating what enters and exits the cell. This function is essential for maintaining homeostasis.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration, making them the cell's powerhouse. Their role in energy production is critical for cell activity.
Which of the following is considered the smallest unit of life?
Atom
Organ
Molecule
Cell
Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms. Every organism is made up of one or more cells that perform essential life processes.
What is the jelly-like substance inside a cell that holds organelles in place known as?
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside a cell where organelles are suspended. It provides a medium for chemical reactions and supports cellular structures.
Which organelle houses the cell's genetic material?
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Nucleus
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA, serving as the control center for cellular activities. It regulates gene expression and directs protein synthesis.
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells are always multicellular
Prokaryotic cells contain histones
Prokaryotic cells do not have a defined, membrane-bound nucleus or organelles, which is a key difference from eukaryotic cells. This structural difference is fundamental to cell classification.
Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily associated with cell growth before DNA replication?
G2 phase
G1 phase
M phase
S phase
During the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes the proteins needed for DNA replication. This phase sets the stage for the S phase, where DNA synthesis occurs.
Where does the electron transport chain occur during cellular respiration?
Nucleus
Mitochondrial inner membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrial matrix
The electron transport chain is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. This location allows for the creation of a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It prepares these proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.
What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?
Energy production
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis
DNA replication
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that translate mRNA into proteins by linking amino acids together. This function is essential for cell growth and repair.
Which statement best describes the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
It synthesizes and modifies proteins destined for secretion
It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals
It houses genetic material
It packages proteins into vesicles
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that specialize in synthesizing proteins. These proteins are then modified and sent to the Golgi apparatus for packaging.
How does the fluid mosaic model describe the cell membrane?
A dynamic structure with proteins floating in a lipid bilayer
A rigid barrier composed solely of lipids
A series of stacked sheets of proteins
A static framework that cannot change
The fluid mosaic model portrays the cell membrane as a fluid, flexible layer of lipids with interspersed proteins. This dynamic nature allows the membrane to perform functions like signaling and transport efficiently.
Which best defines osmosis in a cellular context?
Diffusion of gases within the cell
Movement of solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient
Active transport of ions using ATP
Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration
Osmosis refers to the passive movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. This process is vital for maintaining cellular water balance.
Which molecule is considered the immediate energy currency in cells?
DNA
ATP
NADH
Glucose
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) directly provides energy for most cellular processes. Its high-energy phosphate bonds release energy when broken, fueling cellular activities.
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
They generate ATP
They synthesize proteins
They store genetic material
They break down and recycle cellular waste
Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest and recycle cellular waste, damaged organelles, and foreign material. This degradation process helps maintain cellular health.
Which process results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
Binary fission
Meiosis
Budding
Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that yields two identical daughter cells. This mechanism ensures that genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed.
Which component of the cytoskeleton is most associated with cell movement and maintaining cell shape?
Centrioles
Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Actin filaments are critical for cell motility and maintaining cell shape. They are involved in various processes such as muscle contraction and cellular crawling.
What is the network of proteins and carbohydrates coating the exterior surface of the cell called?
Basal lamina
Extracellular matrix
Glycocalyx
Cell wall
The glycocalyx is a dense layer of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface. It plays roles in cell recognition, adhesion, and protection.
What does selective permeability of the cell membrane refer to?
The capacity to allow all substances to pass freely
The ability to regulate which substances can enter or exit the cell
The property of the membrane to block all molecules
The process of synthesizing membrane proteins
Selective permeability allows the cell membrane to control the movement of substances, letting in essential molecules while keeping out harmful ones. This regulation is key to maintaining internal balance.
How does the structure of the nuclear envelope contribute to its function?
It only functions during cell division
It is a single-layered membrane with no pores
It permits free exchange of molecules without regulation
It provides a double-membrane barrier that regulates material exchange
The nuclear envelope consists of two membranes that create a controlled barrier between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nuclear pores embedded in this envelope regulate the exchange of molecules, thereby protecting genetic material.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand the core functions and structures of cell organelles.
  2. Analyze the processes underlying cellular reproduction and division.
  3. Evaluate the relationships between cell structure and overall function.
  4. Apply fundamental cell theory concepts to practical biological scenarios.
  5. Synthesize key cell biology concepts to enhance exam preparedness.

Unit 2 AP Bio Practice Test Cheat Sheet

  1. Cell Theory - Dive into the three golden rules: all living things are made of cells, the cell is life's smallest building block, and every cell springs from another. These ideas form the very foundation of modern biology and help explain growth, reproduction, and healing in all organisms. Keep this trio at the front of your mind as you explore more complex life processes. Wikipedia
  2. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells - Think of prokaryotes as minimalist studios without fancy rooms (no nucleus or membrane”bound organelles) and eukaryotes as fully furnished apartments with designated chambers for each task. This distinction affects everything from genetic organization to cell size and complexity. Mastering these differences will clarify why bacteria act one way and plants or animals another. Learn Biology
  3. Cell Organelles and Their Functions - Organelles are like the organs in your body: the nucleus stores DNA blueprints, mitochondria crank out energy, and ribosomes build proteins. Other players such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus keep the assembly line running smoothly. Visualize each component as part of a bustling cellular city! CliffNotes
  4. Cell Membrane Structure - Picture a double‑layered pancake of phospholipids studded with proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates - this is your cell membrane. It's semi‑permeable, meaning it decides which nutrients to let in and which waste products to kick out. Understanding its fluid nature and transport gateways is key to grasping how cells communicate and survive. CliffNotes
  5. Photosynthesis Basics - Remember the magic formula: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6O₂. In chloroplasts, light reactions capture sunshine to make ATP and NADPH, then the Calvin cycle turns CO₂ into sugar. It's the ultimate green energy factory fueling life on Earth! CliffNotes
  6. Mitosis Stages - Mitosis is a four”act play: prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (they line up at the center), anaphase (sisters split apart), and telophase (two new nuclei form). This precise choreography ensures each daughter cell gets an exact DNA copy. Perfect your timing to ace questions on cell division! CliffNotes
  7. Meiosis and Genetic Variation - Meiosis shuffles the deck through crossing over and independent assortment, producing genetically unique gametes. It's a two”round nuclear dance - meiosis I slashes chromosome number, meiosis II separates sister chromatids. This variability is why siblings don't look identical! CliffNotes
  8. Cellular Respiration - From glucose to ATP, three main stages rock the cellular world: glycolysis splits sugar, the Krebs cycle extracts energy, and the electron transport chain generates a power surge of ATP. Mitochondria are the ultimate energy hotspots - learn each step to understand how cells stay powered. CliffNotes
  9. Membrane Transport Mechanisms - Passive transport (diffusion and osmosis) flows with the concentration gradient - no energy needed. Active transport fights the gradient using pumps like sodium-potassium ATPase. Familiarize yourself with examples like facilitated diffusion to see how cells maintain balance. CliffNotes
  10. Macromolecules in Cells - The big four: carbohydrates (energy and structure), lipids (long-term energy and membranes), proteins (builders and messengers), and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA instructions). Each class has unique subunits and roles - knowing their structures helps you predict their functions in living systems. CliffNotes
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