Riyadh is the capital and the largest city of Saudi Arabia. It serves as the political and administrative center of the country.

Petra, known for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system, is located in Jordan. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that attracts many visitors for its historical significance.

The Arabian Peninsula is a dominant geographical feature in southwestern Asia, celebrated for its rich oil reserves and expansive deserts. Its distinctive landscape has a profound impact on the region's economy and culture.

Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the center for the country's political, cultural, and economic activities.

The Mediterranean Sea borders several countries of southwestern Asia, particularly along the Levantine coast. Its historical and strategic importance has significantly influenced the cultural and economic development of the region.

Iran features extensive coastlines along both the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. These coastlines are crucial for the country's economy and strategic maritime significance.

The majority of Turkey's landmass is situated in Asia, in a region historically known as Anatolia. This area has been central to many historical developments and cultural exchanges in southwestern Asia.

The Alborz Mountains extend across northern Iran and serve as a natural barrier. They play a significant role in influencing the local climate and weather patterns.

Mesopotamia, often called the cradle of civilization, emerged between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This fertile region in modern-day Iraq nurtured some of the earliest forms of urban society and culture.

The Persian Gulf is the body of water that separates Iran from the Arabian Peninsula. It is a strategically important waterway, particularly for the global oil trade.

Syria is positioned directly to the west of Iraq. Recognizing adjacent countries is important for understanding the geopolitical landscape of southwestern Asia.

The Rub' al Khali, or Empty Quarter, is one of the largest continuous sand deserts in the world. Its vast, challenging terrain shapes the environment and influences human settlement in the region.

Saudi Arabia is historically significant as the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad, with the holy cities of Mecca and Medina located within its borders. This religious heritage contributes to the country's prominent role in the Islamic world.

The Tigris River is one of the key rivers that nurtured early civilizations in the Near East. Its waters have been critical for agriculture and settlement in regions that are now a part of modern-day Iraq.

The United Arab Emirates, and Dubai in particular, are renowned for their modern skyline and record-breaking skyscrapers. This modern architecture symbolizes the rapid economic development in the region.

Turkey uniquely spans two continents with a small portion in southeastern Europe and the remainder in Asia. This transcontinental position has had significant cultural, political, and historical implications.

The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world's most essential chokepoints, linking the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman. A large portion of the world's oil supply passes through this narrow passage, making it strategically critical.

The Zagros Mountains extend across western Iran and function as a climatic barrier, limiting moisture from reaching the central plateau. This geographic feature plays a key role in shaping the local climate and agricultural potential.

Yemen was historically referred to as Arabia Felix, meaning 'Happy Arabia', due to its wealth derived from the lucrative incense and spice trade. Its favorable climate and strategic location contributed to its historical prosperity.

Palestine has been a focal point of longstanding disputes regarding statehood and sovereignty in southwestern Asia. Its rich historical and cultural legacy continues to influence regional and international discussions.